{"id":6072,"date":"2024-12-20T15:07:44","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T08:07:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vietnamcoffeeunited.com\/?p=6072"},"modified":"2024-12-20T15:07:44","modified_gmt":"2024-12-20T08:07:44","slug":"what-is-arabica-coffee-classification-of-arabica-coffee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vietnamcoffeeunited.com\/vi\/what-is-arabica-coffee-classification-of-arabica-coffee\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

Arabica c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ch\u00e8, c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p, mang theo h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a hoa v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eafng nh\u1eb9, chua thanh. Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u1edf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\"Arabica
Arabica coffee VCU<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica<\/h3>\n

C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Ethiopia (\u0110\u00f4ng Phi). Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 9. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n d\u00ea t\u00ean Kaldi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con d\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0103n qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. Kaldi sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \nTuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ethiotia, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Yemen, b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea2 R\u1eadp.\nV\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica lan r\u1ed9ng ra ngo\u00e0i \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, n\u01a1i Arabica tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica<\/h3>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, Arabica \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed9 cao cao nh\u01b0 Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala\u2026 \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 Arabica, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 20%.<\/p>\n

Cafe Arabica c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 2,5 \u2013 4,5m, c\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00e1n l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh oval nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u \u0111\u1eadm \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u1ea1t \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi. Arabica \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1200 \u2013 2200m, v\u1edbi khi h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a t\u1eeb 15 \u2013 24 \u0111\u1ed9 C. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 30 \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ra hoa, \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t Arabica c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh ch\u1eef S hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng. \nV\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, sau khi rang \u1edf c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, Arabica c\u00f3 m\u00e0u nh\u1ea1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Robusta. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Robusta v\u00e0 Arabica th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f9i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, Arabica c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, hoa t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1edfi l\u00fd do c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, mang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 chua nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0.\nH\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng caffein c\u00f3 trong Arabica ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1 \u2013 1.5%, gi\u00fap Arabica c\u00f3 v\u1ecb nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h3>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng Arabica. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n

Bourbon<\/h4>\n

Bourbon c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf, thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o, chua thanh. Khi u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Bourbon, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, h\u1eadu v\u1ecb chu angon, r\u1ea5t thanh tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7u. Qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Bourbon c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4i khi cam. L\u00e1 c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc theo h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n, nghi\u00eang 60 \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. \n\u0110i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

\"Arabica
Arabica Bourbon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Typica<\/h4>\n

Ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u acid malic, t\u1ea1o v\u1ecb chua gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng d\u1ecbu nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng. Th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c Typica, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m ng\u1ea5t ng\u00e2y v\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169. So v\u1edbi Bourbon, qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Typica d\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft m\u1eaft h\u01a1n. \nTuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u0103m s\u00f3c l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh k\u00e9m, n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u00e0 qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm. T\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 cao tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\"Arabica
Arabica Typica<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Moca (Moka)<\/h4>\n

Moca hay Moka l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn l\u00f9n c\u1ee7a Bourbon. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 kh\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Moka tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt n\u01a1i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung \u1edf v\u00f9ng C\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea5t (L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng). N\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb chua thanh nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, h\u1eadu v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt b\u00e9o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, cafe Moka C\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u01a1m v\u00e0 qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi s\u00e0nh c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 y\u00eau th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\"Arabica
Arabica Moka<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Catimor<\/h4>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c C\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea5t. H\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Catimor c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh, sau rang c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u c\u00e1nh gi\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh em c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd Arabica, Catimor c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh t\u1ed1t. \nH\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Catimor l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa v\u1ecb chua thanh, ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafng nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

\"Arabica
Arabica Catimor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Robusta v\u00e0 Arabica<\/h3>\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arabica \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao cao h\u01a1n Robusta. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Robusta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb 600 \u2013 1000m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Arabica.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arabica n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb tinh t\u1ebf, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, hoa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 v\u1ecb chua nh\u1eb9. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n.\nRobusta: n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eafng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Robusta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u00edt chua v\u00e0 h\u1eadu v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng caffein<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 Arabica c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 1 \u2013 1.5% caffein th\u00ec Robusta ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb 2 \u2013 2.5%, g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi Arabica. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng caffein ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eafng khi u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\"Arabica
Arabica and Robusta<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng h\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arabica c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Robusta c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n h\u01a1n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eaft th\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1m, \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e3nh th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arabica c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n Robusta v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea cao c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n.\nRobusta c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, v\u00ec s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tr\u1ed3ng, quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00edt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u01a1n n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n Arabica.<\/p>\n

T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u00e0 pha ch\u1ebf theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb h\u1ee3p gu t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, VCU \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3 h\u00e0ng Arabica nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n